The classification of LED lamps and their application characteristics?

The classification of lamps is more complicated. The naming is divided according to the light emitting form of the lamp, and according to the application place. We try to classify the commonly seen lamps according to the lighthand book and some standards. There must be some points to be discussed. Everyone is helpful.

1 Scope This specification defines the scope of LED lamps and LED independent light source products.

Glossary 2.1

Independent light sources generally refer to light-emitting appliances, which cannot work independently, and need to be installed, fixed, supported, and electrically connected with external components to work normally. At present, the categories involved are lamp tubes, bulbs, candle bulbs, MR lamps, PAR lamps, plug-in tubes, flexible lamp strips, grid lamps, etc. Mainly used to replace traditional light sources. 2.2

A luminaire generally refers to a lighting device that can complete lighting requirements without the help of external auxiliary devices. It usually includes light sources, mounting and fixing structures, optical control devices, adaptive power supplies, controllers and other components. 3

Definition of independent light source classification 3.1 Lamp tube A tubular or ring-shaped lighting device, named after the shape and diameter of the tube, such as T8 tube, T10 tube, T5 tube, etc. LED tubes refer to tubes that use LEDs as the light source. They are mainly used to replace traditional fluorescent tubes. The light output angle is generally less than 180︒, and the light utilization rate is higher than that of fluorescent lamps. They are mostly used for energy-saving transformation. This definition includes simple variants of lamp tubes, such as T5 integrated lamps and T8 simple bracket lamps, into the lamp category. 3.2 Bulb A spherical lighting device, usually used in conjunction with downlights, table lamps, etc., for local or auxiliary lighting. LED bulbs are mainly used to replace traditional incandescent lamps and have better energy-saving effects. The bulb is referred to by the shape of the light source and the size of the aperture, such as A19, A17, G45, etc., and the lamp holder interface has E27, E14, B22, etc. 3.3 Candle Bulb A kind of candle flame-like lighting device, usually used in conjunction with crystal lamps or wall lamps, etc., directly exposed for decoration or auxiliary lighting. LED candle bulbs are mainly used to replace traditional candle bulbs and have better energy-saving effects, but the light distribution must be carefully controlled to make them suitable for crystal lamps and wall lamp applications. The main interface of the lamp holder is E14. 3.4 MR lamps are usually used in conjunction with spotlights for local or accent lighting. According to the caliber size, there are MR16 and MR11. Among them, the MR16 interface is mainly G5.3 and GU10, the MR11 interface is mainly G4.0, and the input voltage is mostly AC/DC 12V. LED MR lamps are used to replace traditional halogen MR lamps with good energy-saving effects. 3.5 PAR lamp PAR lamp as a light source has certain characteristics of lamps and lanterns, usually used in conjunction with spotlights or used independently for local or accent lighting. According to the caliber size, there are PAR20, PAR30, PAR38, PAR56, etc. The main interface of the lamp holder is E27. LED PAR lamps are used to replace traditional halogen PAR lamps with good energy-saving effects. 3.6 Plug-in tube A tubular device, usually used in conjunction with lamp panels, ceiling lamps, downlights and other lighting fixtures for general lighting. Traditional fluorescent lamps are divided into U-shaped tubes and spiral tubes; the number of pins of the lamp holder has two pins and four pins, and the representative ones are PL-L, PL-C, etc. The LED plug-in tube specifically refers to the plug-in tube that uses LED as the light source, which is mainly used to replace the traditional fluorescent tube, and is mostly used for energy-saving transformation. However, the lamp pin interface mostly adopts E27 screw interface, and rarely adopts the pin type. When replacing, pay attention to the interface restrictions. 3.7 Soft light strip Soft light strip refers to the LED lamp is welded on the copper wire or ribbon flexible circuit board with a special processing technology, and then connected to the power supply to emit light. It can be bent. It is named because it is shaped like a light strip when it emits light. . The shape is divided into round and flat, usually characterized by the packaging form of LED lamp beads and the number of beads per meter, such as 60 lights 3528, 30 lights 5050, etc. 3.8 Grid lights Grid lights are usually used for internal transparent lighting. LED lamp beads are welded on the substrate, easy to splice between the substrates, flexible assembly, adjustable spacing, forming a grid-like luminous structure, uniformly illuminate the light box. The substrate may be strip-shaped or dot-shaped. The grid lamp assembly can be used in outdoor advertising light boxes for waterproof treatment. 4

Luminaire classification definition 4.1 Street lamps Street lamps are lamps that provide lighting functions for roads. Its key feature is that it has a light distribution type suitable for road lighting, and its appearance has nothing to do with classification. Although it is often used in combination with light poles, street lights only refer to light-emitting appliances and do not include light poles and other components. Therefore, the suspension cable lamp that does not require a lamp pole as an installation carrier also belongs to the category of street lamps. Street lamps are high-level lighting fixtures. Different road types require different light distributions to match to solve key problems such as road brightness/illuminance, brightness/illuminance uniformity, longitudinal uniformity, glare and so on. Because of its strong controllability and intelligent brightness adjustment, LED street lights can replace HID with good energy-saving effects. Like other outdoor lamps, street lamps require a higher degree of protection. 4.2 Tunnel lights Tunnel lights refer to special lamps used for tunnel lighting in order to solve a series of visual problems that occur when vehicles enter, pass and exit the tunnel. Tunnel lights are usually separated along the tunnel, and the installation methods include ceiling-mounted, wall-mounted, and boom-type. At the entrance, transition section, middle section, and exit section of the tunnel, brightness, uniformity, glare, stroboscopic and other factors need to be considered for lighting arrangement and power distribution. Tunnel lights need to have strong shock resistance, dustproof and waterproof shell, corrosion and rust resistance. 4.3 Floodlight Floodlight is a functional lighting fixture that emits a uniform beam with weak directivity, and the beam angle is generally a wide beam. When irradiating objects, the weakening speed is very slow, and whether it can produce soft and transparent lighting effects, it is widely used in outdoor billboards, bridges and culverts, squares, buildings and other places. The shape of the lamp body is usually flat and square, and it is required to have a higher degree of protection like all outdoor lamps. At the minimum, it should be able to protect the junction box of the lamp against dust and water spray. The light source cavity can protect against dust, water spray and dripping. 4.4 Project-light lamp Project-light lamp is a kind of functional lighting fixture, which emits a beam with strong directivity and clear light profile, and the beam angle is generally a narrow beam. When irradiating an object, the light and shade weaken faster, and whether it can produce a strong contrast lighting effect, it is widely used in outdoor plastic sculptures, bridge suspension cables, building pillars and other places. The shape of the lamp body is usually in the shape of a deep cone column. Like all outdoor lamps, a higher degree of protection is required. At the minimum, it should be able to protect the lamp junction box against dust and water spray. The light source cavity can protect against dust, water spray and dripping. 4.5 Garden lights Garden lights usually refer to vertical lamps with an integrated design of light poles and luminous bodies. The height of the lamp body is generally about 2-6 meters, which is a median lighting lamp. An independent floodlight is installed on a general pole, which is not usually considered a garden light. Garden lights can be functional lighting fixtures that provide precise lighting value, and their light-emitting parts have a specific light distribution; they can also be decorative lights that provide aesthetic value, and their light-emitting parts are often in a diffuse form, and the columnar ones are also called Landscape lamppost. Some lighting fixtures similar to garden lights are often called light sculptures due to their complex shapes and extremely individualized shapes. Strictly speaking, lighting sculptures cannot be used as garden lights, but their codes are still prefixed with the classification code of garden lights. 4.6 Lawn lights Lawn lights generally refer to vertical lamps with integrated lamp poles and luminous bodies. The height of the lamp body is generally about 0.3-1.2 meters, which is a low-level lighting lamp. Similar to garden lights, lawn lights also have functional lighting and decorative lighting. Among them, the glare control of the lawn lamp for functional lighting purposes is quite strict. It has structural similarities with the courtyard lamp, but the volume is small. Although the height of some lamps is between 0.3-1.2 meters, the shape is completely personalized and quite complicated. We often call them light sketches. Strictly speaking, lighting sketches cannot be regarded as lawn lamp products, but their codes are still prefixed with the classification code of lawn lamps. 4.7 Floor lamp The height of the floor lamp is generally below 0.3 meters, but it must protrude above the installation surface and is a low-level lighting fixture. It is generally used in conjunction with garden lights and lawn lights, and is mostly installed in park paths, green lawns, and surrounding squares to serve as a starting point for decoration. Floor lights, like all outdoor lights, have a higher level of protection, at least able to protect against splashes and dust particles. 4.8 Underground lights. Geographic lights are low-level lighting fixtures whose main body is embedded under the installation surface. They are used outdoors or indoors. Directional lighting or accent lighting, also known as buried uplights, their light intensity distribution curve can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Outdoor buried lights must be able to withstand the weight of people and vehicles (the static load capacity of the lamps should meet the relevant standards), and have a high degree of protection (IP67). Since outdoor buried lights are installed in the soil or embedded in gravel, the lights need to ensure sufficient drainage capacity. Buried lights generally use high-strength cast aluminum housing. Indoor underground lights do not require high levels of protection and load-bearing capacity, but they still need to be clean, mopping the floor, and pedestrians do not cause damage to the lights. Limited by the building structure, the height of indoor buried lights should be as thin as possible. The surface of the buried lamp body in this definition does not carry a characteristic meaning pattern or mark. 4.9 Contour lights Contour lights are mainly used for building borders and landscaping. They are usually used outdoors. The shape of the lamp body is linear, which requires high waterproof. Generally, it is equipped with a control system that can present different lighting effects according to a certain program. The key feature is that the lamp itself is a part of the look and feel. If the lamp aims to illuminate the object, it is not classified as a contour lamp. Also called guardrail tube, digital tube, etc. 4.10 Linear wall washer The linear wall washer is mainly used for architectural decoration lighting, uniformly washes the exterior or inner wall of the building. It is generally a long strip. Its key feature is that the light distribution meets the wall washing requirements. Embedded or peripherals control color and brightness changes. It is generally installed in a trench or slit in a building, requiring easy installation, convenient splicing between lights, continuous light spots, and small lateral volume. The outdoor linear wall washer, like other outdoor lamps, requires a higher degree of protection. 4.11 Underwater lights Underwater lights refer to lights that work underwater and are mostly used for pool landscape lighting. Because it works in water for a long time, its dustproof and waterproof grade needs to reach the IP68 specification, and the electrical protection grade needs to reach the Class III standard. The safety and reliability requirements are high. Usually, the safety and reliability are guaranteed by the ultra-low safety voltage of 12v, and the independent or integrated transformer or converter needs to be installed on the water. Only flexible rubber insulated cables can be used for power supply lines. The installation of the luminaire must ensure that the maximum allowable depth is not exceeded. Under the condition that the operation in an anhydrous environment is not clearly allowed, the underwater light can only be operated under water. Lighting engineers should follow the corresponding special safety rules to install and operate such special lamps. 4.12 Anti-riot lights Anti-riot lights, regardless of their own category characteristics, are only defined from the factor of their resistance to mechanical impact. Lamps that can withstand sufficiently strong mechanical shocks from the outside world are called riot lights. This means that they have a special protection design that can withstand a certain degree of impact. But riot lights are not meant to be indestructible, even these lights will be damaged by external forces, appropriate tools or equipment to become unusable. 4.13 Downlight Downlights are lamps installed on the ceiling with reflectors and other optical components. They are mainly circular, but sometimes rectangular or square. Downlights are divided into recessed downlights and surface mounted downlights. The optical characteristics of downlights are downlighting. Even for downlights with wall washer light distribution (sometimes called wall washer downlights), downlighting is the main feature. The biggest feature of the recessed downlight is only the exposed outer ring, which can maintain the overall unity and perfection of the architectural decoration, and will not destroy the perfect unity of the ceiling art due to the setting of the lamps; the recessed downlights with smaller calibers are also called ceiling lights ; In the embedded downlight, the illumination direction can be adjusted, which is called adjustable-angle downlight (or adjustable-angle ceiling light). The biggest difference between the spotlight and the spotlight is that the spotlight is completely exposed, while the adjustable-angle downlight only partially exposes the lamp body even at the maximum adjustment angle. Surface mounted downlights are more decorative, and the shape of the downlight itself embellishes the ceiling of the ceiling. Generally, all the light of the downlight is projected downward, which belongs to the direct light distribution and is used for local or general lighting. At the same time, the downlight can also have an asymmetric light distribution and is used for wall washing lighting. Outdoor downlights need to have a certain degree of waterproofing. In this definition, multi-head grille spotlights, ceiling lights and other lamps that only expose the outer ring after installation are also included in the category of downlights. 4.14 Spotlights Spotlights are mainly used for directional lighting. Generally speaking, the beam angle is small and the light quality requirements are high. The difference between it and the downlight is that the spotlight generally can flexibly adjust the angle of illumination, and the lamp body is fully displayed, so the overall shape requirements are higher. Common installation methods are guide rails, ceiling, wall mounting, etc. Occasionally, the spotlight is embedded in the ceiling, and it is even possible to add a decorative ring such as a downlight after the spotlight is embedded. However, most of them belong to the decoration, not the essence of the lamp.